Hydraulic power-transmission apparatus.



PATBNTED FEB. 12, 1907.

G. L. M. DURWALD. HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZ, 1906. v

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

fa wrciw G0 C t ried L WZZ/wow 16 WW1 No. 843,874.. PATENTED FEB. 12, 1907. -G. L. M. DURWALD.

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS. I 7

APPLICATION FILED 'JULY 2, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GOTTFRIED LUDWIG DORWALD, OF EAST PUTNEY, LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOSECELINE CHARLES HENRY GRANT, OF

LONDON, ENGLAND.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 12, 1907.

Application filed July 2,1906. Serial No. 324,469.

To axZZ whom it may concern.- I

Be it known that I, GOTTFRIED LUDwre MAX DoRwALD, engineer, a subject of the German Emperor, and residing at.28 Mexfield road, East Putney, London, S. W., England, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Power-Transmission Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to hydraulic powertransmission apparatus by which any portion of the driving power or any speed from zero to the maximum available can be transmitted to any load or resistance.

The present invention relates to that class of apparatus in which power is transmitted from one shaft to another b the action of a liquid contained in a revol uble drum, the said drum being mounted on one shaft, and a casing or hub fitted with adjustable radial blades is fitted within the drum and upon the second shaft.

The invention consists in so arranging the blades that they can be set in planes cutting the plane of the axis of the drum at right angles or in a plane passing through the axis or in planes cutting the axis at opposite or similar angles to one another. The invention also has reference to the construction of the apparatus and to combinations of parts as hereinafter set forth.

Although in this specification it will be assumed that the invention is applied to a motor-car, to which 1purpose it is particularly adapted, neverthe ess I do not confine it to that one use.

In carrying the invention into effect for the pur ose mentioned I proceed in or in about tlie following manner, making reference now to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, the lower part being a vertical section and the upper part a section on line 1 1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a part side elevation in section on the center line of one set of the blades. Fig. 3 is an end view of a pair'of blades on section-line 1 1 of Fig. 2, but looking in the opposite direction to that of Fig. 1.

In the subsequent description I am referring to a drum as the driver and a casin or hub as the follower; but it is obvious aaat the twin blades 7c in position.

the hub or casing may be the driver and the drum the follower.

I attach to the driving-shaft a a drum I), having a cover a at one end or otherwise made so that access may be had to the interior. On the inside of each end of the drum b are radial ribs (1, the inner edge of each of which is referably at right an les to the axis of the s aft a and drum b. nside the drum bis a'casing or hub e, havin 'six or 1 any other suitable number of sides, t 1e said casing bein attached to or formed integrally with the tu ular transmission shaft f, free to turn in a tubular extension 9 of the cover 0. A stuffing-box h is provided at the outer end of the said extension g.

If desired, the inner end of hub emay have a projecting lug '1', free to run in a bearing 7' in the adjacent inner-end of b.

Attached to each side of the casing or hub e are radial blades 7c, arranged in pairs and carried by arms I, having circular stems m, which pass through, so as to turn easily in holes provided for them in the thickness of the mater l of the casing or hub e. The stems m are provided with a shoulder n outside the casing and with an enlarged base 0 inside the casing, which serve to maintain I provide any suitable means to enable the stems m to be rotated from the outside of the drum.

In the drawings I have shown a spindle outside the drum and conveniently connected to the enlarged bases 0.

Projecting from each enlarged base 0 is an eccentrically-placed pin p, and these pins are free to turn in elongated and bushed holes q in a slide 1", which can be moved to and fro within the hub e by moving in or out the spindle s, passing through the tubular transmission-shaft f and actuated by a lever or other means. The extent to which 1" can move Within the casing e is such that when drawn fully in one direction the action of the holes on the pins will turn the blades 7c so that they willstan across the space between the ribs (1 at one end of the drum 1) and those at the other end, and when pushed as far as possible in the op osite direction the blades is will be edge on in the direction of rotation of the drum 6. The blades when in position across the drum. 1) may be so arranged as the axis, and in anyc'ase the outer haf or arranged oblique y to the plane of the axis at 11 use any suitable liquid is put into the Y drum b, and in the example illustrated a plug revoluble with the other shaft and within oversail, asat t.

will be noticed that by turningthe stems, of.

to be in a plane atan angle to the axis of b or in a plane passing through or obliquely to more orv less of the top of each blade may In the drawin s the blades are shown as opposite angles to one another and forming an obtuse angle between themselves, and it the blades the width of the opening between each pair of blades may be varied.

For convenience in putting-in the stems m of the blades the casing e may be divided on the centers of the stems, as at u, and be held to ether by cross-bolts v.

b is shown for this purpose. When the drum is rotated centrifugal force will cause the liquid to take a cylindrical shape, and while the blades is are ed e on no energy or practically no energy will be conveyed to them, but when they are turned so as to stand to a greater or lesser extent across the axis of b the liquid being forced throu h the opening between their inner edges wil have its kinetic energy absorbed and an impulse will be given to the blades and the driven shaft f.

By operating the spindle s the opening between the inner edges of the blades 76 can be varied. The greater the opening the less will be the absorption of the kinetic energy of the rotating liquid, and vice versa.

The im ulse on the blades k, and consequently the speed of the shaft f, will thus vary directly as to the impulse from zero when the blades are placed so as to be edge on to the maximum when there is no openingbetween the inner ed es of the blades.

The blades is may e of any suitable shape and made of rigid or of yielding material, and there may be several sets of blades in one drum or in a series of drums.

Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim as such, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a power-transmission apparatus, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a drum revoluble with one of said shafts, a hub said drum, radial blades mounted upon said hub and arranged 'in pairs with one blade 00- operatin said blades having stems and being rotatably adjustable upon the stems so that they may be turned to vary the resistance offered to liquid within the drum.

2'. In a power-transmission apparatus, a drum revoluble with-a shaft, a hub revoluble with a second shaft and within said drum,

with the other one of a pair, and radial ri s upon the interior of the drum,

said hub being fitted with a number of twin blades, said blades being arranged in pairs l revoluble with a second shaft, said hub being rovided with radial. twin bladesand sai iiub and blades being. inclosed within said drum, radial ribs u on the interior of said drum and means i about their axes so that the wi th of openin between each pair of blades may be varie from zero to the maximum available.

4. In ,a power-transmission apparatus, a

liquid-containing driver-drum, a followerhub, radial blades 'mounted in airs u on or turnin said blades said hub, said blades being rotata le on t eir radial axes, and means for adjusting the position of said blades so that each pair may be:

set more or less obliquely to the axis of the the said blades varied accordingly.

'drum and the impelling effect of the liquid on 5. In a power-transmission device of the character described, the combination of a liquid-containing driver-drum, a hub therefor, twin blades axially mounted on the hub,

and means operated from without the drum to rotate the blades on their own axes to vary the width ofthe opening between the blades of each pair.

6. In a power transmission device of'the character described, the combination of a liquid-containing driVerTdriim, a hub therefor, a pluralityof twin blades mounted radially on said hub and partly revoluble about their own axes said blades being arranged in pairs with oneoblade of a pair cooperating with the other blade of the same pair, craii pins on the axis of the blades, and connections from said crank-pins to outside of the drum wherebv the blades may be axially turned and adjusted as to position' 7. In a power-transmission device of. the character described, the combination of a 'driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a 1i uid-containing driver-drum, a plurality of b ades are v ran ed obli uely to the axis ofsaid'driving shaft, said lades being arranged in airs with one blade of a pair cooperating wit the other blade of the same pair, and .means connecting the blades with the driven shaft whereby their obliquity to the axis of the drum can be varied. v

8. In a power-transmission device of the character. described, the combination-of a liquid-containing driver-drum, a followerhub, aplurality of blades arranged obliquely to the axis of the driver and pivotally connected with the follower, said blades being arranged in pairs and provided with means controlled from outside the the obliquity of the blades may be varied and the angle between each pair of blades may be simultaneously varied.

drum whereby.

9. In a ower-transmiss'ion device of the character escribed, the combination with a liquid-containing driver-drum and a shaft therefor,- and a follower, of a plurality of blades arranged obliquely to said shaft and ivotally connected with the follower, said blades being arranged in pairs and provided with means operated from the outside of the drum whereby the obliquity of all the blades may be synchronously altered.

10. In a power-transmission device of the character described, the combination of a rotatable driver, a follower, a plurality of blades arranged'obliquely to the axis of the driver and radially mounted on the follower so as to be rotatable at right angles thereto, said blades being arranged in pairs and rovided with crank-arms, an operating-s 'de, said slide having elongated holes engaging said crank-arms, and a controlling device actuated from the outside of the apparatus to control the position and obliqulty of said blades.

11. In a power-transmission device of the character described, the combination with a driver and a follower, of a plurality of blades arranged in pairs radially of the follower,

said blades having stems seated in the casing of the follower and said stems having enlarged bases within said casin eccentric ally-placed'pins upon said stemases, a slide having slots engaging said pins, and a reciprocable spindle connected to said slide whereby the blades may be-turned to vary the ope between the inner edges of eachpair.

12. na power transmission device 0 the character described, the combination with a.

driver, an operating-spindle, a tubular trans- 4 mission shaft, an actuating-lever, and a-follower-hub, of a plurality of blades having stems mounted radially upon the follower,

said stems being retained'in said hub, eccen trically-placed pins ugonsaid stems, bushes to said pins, and a sli e havin an elongated hole engaging said pins, said s 'de being fast 

